Esta semana seguiremos poniendo cimientos en la casa.
Ya te sabes los pronombres (si no los sabes vuelve, por favor, a PRONOMBRES)
así que ahora empezaremos a construir frases: un poco de hormigón aquí
(pronombres), otro poco de acero allí (verb "to be") y ya tenemos un
cimiento.
Tendrás que
sentir una sensación de "hartazgo". Puedes intentar
hacer dos o tres ejercicios cada día. Y siempre hay que repasar una y otra vez hasta que te canses.
¿Qué es lo primero que harás?
Escuchar será lo que más te hará progresar.
1) Mira este vídeo.
2) Para que no cometas errores con el verb "to be" mira este otro vídeo.
Nota: Es muy importante que le des a "play" una y otra vez que escuches las diferencias entre el inglés y el español.
3) Repasa los sonidos del "Present Tense del verb "to be" en este vídeo. Recuerda: Los sonidos son muy importantes, más importantes que escribir. Por eso es necesario que te des "un empacho de sonidos".
4) Aprende con este vídeo cómo hacer preguntas con el "verb to be" en presente.
5) Aprende cómo hacer preguntas con "it" con el "verb to be" en presente con este vídeo.Recuerda: Hay que repetir muchas veces los sonidos hasta que te salgan bien.
6)Con este vídeo de Jennifer, aprenderemos cómo hacer oraciones con "to be". Todo es en inglés, así que quizás deberás utilizar un diccionario (wordreference) para aprender las palabras que no entiendas.
7) Repasamos lo aprendido en Lesson 2. Tienes que hacer todos los ejercicios y repetir en voz alta muchas veces la conjugación del verbo "to be" en presente.
8)Aprende vocabulario con imágenes y sonido.
Busca las palabras nuevas que aparecen en el vídeo de Jennifer del
punto 5), escúchalas e intenta hacer oraciones con cada una de ellas.
¿Te has hartado de repetir el verbo "to be" en oraciones afirmativas, negativas, y preguntas? Si no te has hartado, no lo estás haciendo bien. Tienes que hacer tuyas cada una de las palabras que dices para que luego te salgan con naturalidad.
Si ya te sabes de arriba a abajo el verbo "to be" en presente, apúntante un 10. ¡Así se hace!
Between - entre - it’s between the box and the lamp.
In front of - delante de - it’s in front of the lamp.
Opposite - en frente de - the cinema is opposite the restaurant.
At - junto a - at the door
- Se usa cuando se mencionan lugares sin dimensiones, como punto de referencia:
I’m at the bus-stop - she’s at the door.
Y también cuando nos referimos a un lugar por la actividad que se realiza en él.
Ana is at the seaside - my sister is at the bank.
USO DE LAS PREPOSICIONES
Las preposiciones pueden realizar distintas funciones:
- Servir de enlace entre dos palabras o distintos elementos en la oración: I'll see you at five o'clock / Te veré a las cinco
- Pueden acompañar a un verbo sirviendo de enlace a su complemento. En este caso, pueden no alterar el significado del verbo o alterarlo con lo que constituyen una palabra distinta. To look / Mirar (no altera el significado del verbo) To look after / Cuidar de (se altera el significado del verbo)
- Cuando ponemos un verbo después de una preposición, en inglés normalmente se utiliza la forma ' ing' y no el infinitivo. You shouldn’t go to India without visiting the Taj Mahal. No deberías ir a la India sin visitar el Taj Mahal. I’m interested in studying psychology. / Estoy interesado en estudiar psicología.
Las principales preposiciones en inglés son:
about
alrededor de, sobre
above
por encima de
after
detrás de, después de
among
entre (tres o más)
at
en, junto a
before
antes de, delante de
behind
detrás de
below
debajo de
beneath
debajo de
beside
junto a
between
entre (dos o más)
but
excepto, pero
by
por, junto a
down
hacia abajo
except
excepto
for
para, por, durante, desde hace
from
de, desde
in
en, dentro de
into
en, adentro
like
como, igual a
near
cerca de
of
de
off
de (alejándose), fuera de
on
en, sobre
over
por encima de, al otro lado
since
desde
through
a través de
throughout
por todo
till = until
hasta
to
a, hasta, hacia
under
por debajo de
up
hacia arriba
upon
(poniendo) sobre, encima
with
con
without
sin
POSICIÓN DE LAS PREPOSICIONES
Generalmente, se colocan delante del sustantivo o del pronombre, excepto en los siguientes casos:
a.) Con el pronombre relativo, cuando va seguido de preposición, ésta puede colocarse en la posición final. The girls I study with / Las muchachas con las que estudio (en lugar de: The girls with whom I study)
b.) En frases interrogativas cuando empiezan por un pronombre interrogativo: Who were you speaking to? / ¿con quién estabas hablando? (en lugar de: To whom were you speaking?)
The dog is onthe sofa
The lamp is nearthe dog
The cat is in front ofthe dog
LA PREPOSICIÓN Y LA CONTRACCIÓN
La contracción española, es decir, la fusión de una preposición con el artículo definido (al, del) no existen en inglés. Se traducen siempre por la preposición seguida del artículo definido y separado de ella (al = a el) (del = de el): Tell it to the chairman / Dígaselo al presidente
Prepositions of Place: at, in, on
In general, we use:
at for a POINT
in for an ENCLOSED SPACE
on for a SURFACE
at
in
on
POINT
ENCLOSED SPACE
SURFACE
at the corner
in the garden
on the wall
at the bus stop
in London
on the ceiling
at the door
in France
on the door
at the top of the page
in a box
on the cover
at the end of the road
in my pocket
on the floor
at the entrance
in my wallet
on the carpet
at the crossroads
in a building
on the menu
at the front desk
in a car
on a page
Look at these examples:
Jane is waiting for you at the bus stop.
The shop is at the end of the street.
My plane stopped at Dubai and Hanoi and arrived in Bangkok two hours late.
When will you arrive at the office?
Do you work in an office?
I have a meeting in New York.
Do you live in Japan?
Jupiter is in the Solar System.
The author's name is on the cover of the book.
There are no prices on this menu.
You are standing on my foot.
There was a "no smoking" sign on the wall.
I live on the 7th floor at 21 Oxford Street in London.
Notice the use of the prepositions of place at, in and on in these standard expressions:
at
in
on
at home
in a car
on a bus
at work
in a taxi
on a train
at school
in a helicopter
on a plane
at university
in a boat
on a ship
at college
in a lift (elevator)
on a bicycle, on a motorbike
at the top
in the newspaper
on a horse, on an elephant
at the bottom
in the sky
on the radio, on television
at the side
in a row
on the left, on the right
at reception
in Oxford Street
on the way
Prepositions of Time: at, in, on
We use:
at for a PRECISE TIME
in for MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
on for DAYS and DATES
at
in
on
PRECISE TIME
MONTHS, YEARS, CENTURIES and LONG PERIODS
DAYS and DATES
at 3 o'clock
in May
on Sunday
at 10.30am
in summer
on Tuesdays
at noon
in the summer
on 6 March
at dinnertime
in 1990
on 25 Dec. 2010
at bedtime
in the 1990s
on Christmas Day
at sunrise
in the next century
on Independence Day
at sunset
in the Ice Age
on my birthday
at the moment
in the past/future
on New Year's Eve
Look at these examples:
I have a meeting at 9am.
The shop closes at midnight.
Jane went home at lunchtime.
In England, it often snows in December.
Do you think we will go to Jupiter in the future?
There should be a lot of progress in the next century.
Do you work on Mondays?
Her birthday is on 20 November.
Where will you be on New Year's Day?
Notice the use of the preposition of time at in the following standard expressions:
Expression
Example
at night
The stars shine at night.
at the weekend
I don't usually work at the weekend.
at Christmas/Easter
I stay with my family at Christmas.
at the same time
We finished the test at the same time.
at present
He's not home at present. Try later.
Notice the use of the prepositions of time in and on in these common expressions:
in
on
in the morning
on Tuesday morning
in the mornings
on Saturday mornings
in the afternoon(s)
on Sunday afternoons
in the evening(s)
on Monday evening
When we say last, next, every, this we do not also use at, in, on.
I went to London last June. (notin last June)
He's coming back next Tuesday. (noton next Tuesday)
I go home every Easter. (notat every Easter)
We'll call you this evening. (notin this evening)
Prepositions of Place:
Where is the mouse?
En este ejercicio aparecerán aleatoriamente 10 frases en inglés y deberás seleccionar entre cuatro opciones la preposición correcta que completa la frase.
The team arrived ___ Madrid.
in
on
towards
among
He was taken ___ a doctor.
with
by
for
from
He looks ___ me with admiration.
to
in
at
on
They sat ___ a table near the window.
at
in
on
from
My girlfriend comes ___ Barcelona.
of
into
towards
from
I have work to do ___ the morning
at
in
on
while
___ your age, you should sleep more.
during
for
at
from
I am going to the cinema ___ my sister
on
without
with
at
The woman had problems ___ her pregnancy.
from
of
in
at
The husband talked ___ his wife problems.
at
from
to
of
The team arrived ___ Madrid.
in
on
towards
among
in
He was taken ___ a doctor.
with
by
for
from
for
He looks ___ me with admiration.
to
in
at
on
at
They sat ___ a table near the window.
at
in
on
from
at
My girlfriend comes ___ Barcelona.
of
into
towards
from
from
I have work to do ___ the morning
at
in
on
while
in
___ your age, you should sleep more.
during
for
at
from
from
I am going to the cinema ___ my sister
on
without
with
at
with
The woman had problems ___ her pregnancy.
from
of
in
at
in
The husband talked ___ his wife problems.
at
from
to
of
of
Mas ejercicios
If you are tired, you should stay ___ bed.
at
of
by
in
He was ___ his way home.
at
on
as
by
They came from Madrid ___ car.
on
by
to
in
The sky was dark ___ now.
at
on
in
by
My son insits ___ watching TV.
in
for
on
into
___ a few days he will leave the city.
from
until
in
at
He sat down ___ the table.
in
into
for
at
He succeeded ___ his third attempt.
on
in
for
by
The police was interested ___ the car stolen.
into
in
on
by
The plane was ___ the way to Barcelona.
in
on
by
into
If you are tired, you should stay ___ bed.
at
of
by
in
in
He was ___ his way home.
at
on
as
by
on
They came from Madrid ___ car.
on
by
to
in
by
The sky was dark ___ now.
at
on
in
by
by
My son insits ___ watching TV.
in
for
on
into
on
___ a few days he will leave the city.
from
until
in
at
in
He sat down ___ the table.
in
into
for
at
at
He succeeded ___ his third attempt.
on
in
for
by
in
The police was interested ___ the car stolen.
into
in
on
by
in
The plane was ___ the way to Barcelona.
in
on
by
into
on
Elige el significado correcto.
1. after
2. behind
3. above
4. through
5. up
6. under
7. between
8. about
9. with
10. from
1. after = después de
2. behind = detrás de
3. above = por encima de
4. through = a través de
5. up = hacia arriba
6. under = por debajo de
7. between = entre (dos o más)
8. about = alrededor de
9. with = con
10. from = desde
Lee las siguientes frases, y escribe otra frase con un significado parecido a la primera. Sigue el ejemplo.
You must drink water to live. / You can’t live without drinking water.
1 He plays football very well. He’s good at .
2 She wouldn’t let me pay the bill. She insisted on .
3 I appreciate the money you lent me. Thank you for .
4 Is golf the only sport you play? Besides , are there any other sports you play?
5 It took me two years to learn to swim. After two years I succeeded in .
6 I don’t intend to change my job. I have no intention of .
7 Craig was a farmer before he became a teacher. Craig was a teacher after .
8 I had a shower after I played tennis. I played tennis before .
9 The flat was expensive, but we bought it. In spite of , we bought the flat.
10 ‘Why don’t we go for a pizza?’ said Ruben. ‘How about ?’ said Ruben.
‘Do you feel like ?’ said Ruben.
‘What about ?’ said Ruben.
1. playing football
2. paying the bill
3. lending the money to me / lending me the money
4. playing golf
5. learning to swim / swimming
6. changing my job
7. being a farmer / becoming a farmer
8. having a shower
9. being expensive, we bought the flat
10. going for a pizza / going for a pizza / going for a pizza
Estos son ejercicios de múltiple opción. Escucha el audio correspondiente y ve marcando la correcta. Puedes volver a escuchar cuantas veces desees cada audio.
Listen by pressing the "Play Audio" button. Then, select the correct answer for each sentence, which may be missing one or more words. Press the "Final Score" button to check your quiz.
1. What's your _____________?
A. I'm Nancy.
B. I'm from Russia.
C. I'm a student.
2. Where do you _______________?
A. I'm from Canada.
B. I live in Chicago.
C. I'm fine.
3. How's _________________________?
A. Okay.
B. I'm going to school.
C. No problem.
4. _______________ does she _____________?
A. She likes to work.
B. She's a teacher.
C. She works at City Bank.
5. _____________________ they _______________?
A. They're from Mexico.
B. They are in school.
C. They live in Tokyo.
6. _____________________________________________________?
A. I'm getting married soon.
B My father is a doctor.
C. I have three brothers.
7. _____________________________________________________?
A. I'm fine.
B. Nothing much.
C. That's too bad.
8. _____________________________________________________?
A. He's Japanese.
B. He's from Italy.
C. He's an engineer.
9. _____________________________________________________?
A. I like to exercise.
B. I'm busy this weekend.
C. I don't like sports.
10. _____________________________________________________?
A. He lives in Hong Kong.
B. He works downtown.
C. He's a doctor.
Correct answers:
What's your name? (I'm Nancy.)
Where do you live? (I live in Chicago.)
How's it going? (Okay.)
Where does she work? (She works at City Bank.)
Where are they from? (They are from Mexico.)
How many people are in your family? (I have three brothers.)
Hey, what's new? (Nothing much.)
What does he do? (He's an engineer.)
What do you do in your spare time? (I like to exercise.)
What does your father do for a living? (He's a doctor.)
Post-Listening Exercises
With a partner, practice starting and keeping the conversation going. Think carefully about what questions you would ask in each situation:
at a bus stop waiting for the next bus
in a park walking your dog
on the first day of class right before school begins
on a plane waiting for takeoff
at a friend's house for a barbecue
at your 20th high school reunion
Names
Names:
Meeting New People
1. Hi. My name's ______________.
A. Josh
B. Jacob
C. Jared
2. I want you to meet my sister, _____________.
A. Tammy
B. Candy
C. Amy 3. All of my friends call me __________.
A. Nick
B. Mike
C. Matt
4. The teacher's name is ____________ Smith.
A. Dennis
B. Douglas
C. Daniel
5. __________________ is sixteen years old.
A. Amanda
B. Alisa
C. Alex
6. Do you know ___________________?
A. Pat
B Peter
C. Paul
7. ___________________________ on Friday.
A. Natalia's
B. Nicole's
C. Nancy's
8. Is your ________________. _____________ remember.
A. Russel
B. Randall
C. Richard
9. __________________ in Los Angeles but she __________________.
A. Laura
B. Lisa
C. Lauren
10. ____________________________________________.
A. Ted
B. Tim
C. Todd
Correct answers:
Hi. My name's Josh.
I want you to meet my sister, Amy.
All of my friends call me Mike.
The teacher's name is Daniel Smith.
Amanda is sixteen years old.
Do you know where Paul is?
Nicole's birthday is on Friday.
Is your roommate's name Randall? I can't remember.
Lauren was born in Los Angeles but she grew up in Texas.
Before he graduated from college, Ted traveled around Europe for three weeks.
Post-Listening Exercises
Introduce yourself to a partner and find out the names of the people in his or her family. Do any of their names have any special meaning in their native languages? Use the Internet and search under "baby names" or other similar keywords to help you.
En gramática inglesa, podrás aprender de forma sencilla las reglas gramaticales de esta lengua: verbos, adjetivos, sustantivos, artículos, pronombres, preposiciones, etc.
