Cómo usar “too / not enough” y “too many / too much”
Para comenzar esta lección se muestra en la siguiente tabla el significado de estas palabras, la gramática que se sigue con cada uno de ellas y los usos que se les puede dar en inglés:
Tabla resumen de “too / not enough” y “too many / too much”:
Recordemos que los sustantivos contables son aquellos que se pueden contabilizar por unidad (manzanas, plumas, libros) mientras que en los no contables es imposible hacer esto (azúcar, tiempo, música).
A continuación una serie de ejemplos con oraciones afirmativas, negativas y preguntas en distintos tiempos, las cuales se presentan en el orden de aparición del cuadro anteriormente presentado.
Too
1.1.- It's too hot today.
(Está muy caliente hoy)
1.2.- He drives too fast.
(El maneja muy rápido)
1.3.- The red dress was too expensive.
(El vestido rojo estaba muy caro)
1.4.- I worked too hard to get results.
(Trabajé muy duro para obtener resultados)
Not enough
2.1.- There is not enough food for everyone.
(No hay suficiente comida para todos)
2.2.- She doesn't have enough money to buy the tablet.
(Ella no tiene suficiente dinero para comprar la tableta)
2.3.- Jimmy was not old enough for that game.
(Jimmy no era lo suficientemente grande para ese juego)
2.4.- We didn't have enough time to go shopping.
(Nosotros no tuvimos suficiente tiempo para ir de compras)
Too much
3.1.- There's too much noise coming from that house.
(Hay mucho ruido viniendo de esa casa)
3.2.- My sister spends too much money buying online.
(Mi hermana gasta mucho dinero comprando en línea)
3.3.- Howard downloaded too much music to his MP3 player.
(Howard descargó mucha música a su reproductor de MP3)
3.4.- There was too much information about this topic.
(Había mucha información acerca de este tema)
Too many
4.1.- There are too many people in the bank.
(Hay muchas personas en el banco)
4.2.- John has too many credit cards.
(Juan tiene muchas tarjetas de crédito)
4.3.- There were too many apples in the fridge.
(Habían muchas manzanas en el refrigerador)
4.4.- I installed too many apps in my smartphone.
(Instalé muchas aplicaciones en mi teléfono inteligente)
En los siguientes ejemplos pueden encontrarse las opciones correctas subrayadas en negritas según la gramática vista en la sección anterior:
1.- I need a bigger hard drive, there is too much / not enough space available for my videos.
2.- I like my new pet, it is too / too much cute.
3.- The public internet is slow because there are too / too many people connected.
4.- This will be a busy weekend. I have too much / too many homework to do.
| TOO + ADJECTIVE | (NOT) ENOUGH + ADJECTIVE | (NOT) ENOUGH + NOUN |
| We use TOO beforeADJECTIVES to express that the amount or degree of something is more than desirable, necessary, acceptable or sensible: | ENOUGH is used afterADJECTIVES to express that a quantity is as much as you need to achieve a particular purpose | ENOUGH is used in front ofa NOUN to express that a quantity is as much as you need in order to achieve a particular purpose. |
| EXAMPLES:
That skirt is too long for you!
You work too much.
There were too many people outside.
| EXAMPLES:
He isn't tall enough to be a police officer.
He's intelligent enough to pass the test.
| EXAMPLES:
I don't have enough time to finish the test.
He doesn't have enough petrolto arrive home.
|
1. Complete with TOO or ENOUGH and the adjective in brackets:
a) Peter is to become a police officer. He's only 1.65 cm tall. (short)
b) I'd like to buy a new car and a good house, but I'm just not to do it. (rich)
c) My school is from my house to go on foot. So, I cycle to school every morning. (far)
d) Kelly is to drive a car. She's only 14. (young)
e) That skirt you are wearing is for you. You need a bigger size. (tight)
f) David is quite a fast runner, but he isn't to beat the Italian runner, who is considered to be the best. (fast)
g) I'm a good swimmer, but I'm not to enter a championship. (good)
h) The beach was yesterday, so we decided to go somewhere else. (crowded)
i) We wanted to go to Paris last weekend, but the plane tickets were , so we stayed at home. (expensive)
j) This T-shirt isn't for me. I need a bigger one. (big)
k) We didn't buy the sofa because it wasn't . (comfortable)
l) The students are to study the irregular verbs list by heart. (lazy)
m) The soup isn't . I'd like it to be hotter. (hot)
n) Don't eat that chicken! It's . (salty)
o) The music is and I can't hear anything you say. (loud)
2. Complete the sentences with ENOUGH and the given noun. Pay attention to its position in the sentence!
a) Robert doesn't have (money) to pay for his new car. He's in trouble!
b) There is (room) for both of us in that sofa. It's quite big.
c) He doesn't make (profit) in his company to buy those expensive presents.
d) There's (fruit) in the fridge for the whole week. We don't need to buy any more.
e) I don't have (time) to finish my homework.
3. Choose the correct option:
a) David has got to buy a new motorbike. He has been saving a lot.
b) We are to help you at the moment. Come back later please!
c) My sister to be a model. Perhaps when she grows up...
d) Don't be silly! You are for bungee jumping. For God's sake, grandad! You're 89!
e) Mary wants to travel around the world on her own, but she's still .
f) The exam was for the students to pass it.
g) There wasn't in the car for all of us, so we had to take the bus.
h) The restaurant was and the food wasn't very good. We won't come back there.
i) This activity is and I'm tired!
j) We've had now. I think I understand it very well.
4. Choose the correct sentence for each picture:
a) Robbie's parents every week.
b) Luck, that ice-cream is far . You won't be able to finish it.
c) This chair . I'd rather sit on the armchair.
d) There are !Enough and Too (Suficiente y Demasiado)
"Enough" y "too"se utilizan como calificadores con adjetivos, adverbios y nombres para indicar un grado de cantidad.
Enough (Suficiente)
"Enough" es un adjetivo que se usa para indicar que es suficiente o igual que lo necesario. Se puede utilizar con otros adjetivos, adverbios o nombres.
1. Con adjetivos and adverbios:
adjetivo/adverbio + "enough"
- Ejemplos:
- Heather is old enough now to make her own decisions. (Heather es lo suficientemente mayor ahora para tomar sus propias decisiones.)
- Victor doesn't speak English well enough for the job. (Victor no habla suficientemente bien el inglés para este trabajo.)
- The apartment is big enough for three people. (El piso es lo suficientemente grande para tres personas.)
- Ben runs fast enough to win the race. (Ben corre lo suficientemente rápido como para ganar esta carrera.)
- We aren't working hard enough! We are never going to finish this project. (No trabajamos lo suficientemente duro. Nunca acabaremos este proyecto.)
2. Con nombres:
"enough" + nombre
- Ejemplos:
- I don't have enough time to finish all this work! (No tengo tiempo suficiente para acabar este trabajo.)
- Is there enough wine for everyone to try? (¿Hay suficiente vino para que todos lo prueben?)
- Don't worry, they have enough space in the car for all of us. (No se preocupe, tienen sitio suficiente en el coche para todos nosotros.)
Nota: Podemos reemplazar "enough" por "the" para indicar la misma cosa. Compare los ejemplos de arriba y abajo.
- Ejemplos:
- I don't have the time to finish all this work! (No tengo el tiempo para acabar este trabajo.)
- Don't worry, they have the space for all of us. (No se preocupe, tienen sitio para todos nosotros.)
Nota: También podemos utilizar "enough" sin un nombre cuando está claro a que nos referimos.
- Ejemplos:
- Would you like some more coffee? No, I've had enough, thank you. (¿Le gustaría un poco más de café? No, he tenido suficiente, gracias.)
- Do you have enough to pay for this? (¿Tienes suficiente para pagar esto?)
3. Podemos usar "enough" con un adjetivo y un nombre, pero el sentido de la frase cambia con la posición de "enough".
- Ejemplos:
- Is there enough hot water? (¿Hay suficiente agua caliente?)
- Is there hot enough water? (¿El agua es lo suficientemente caliente?)
4. "Enough of":
"enough of" + determinante [articulo o pronombre]
- Ejemplos:
- I've been in enough of these situations to know better! (He estado en bastantes situaciones de estas como para conocer mejor.)
- We've had enough of your complaints. Don't you have anything positive to say? (Tenemos bastante con tus quejas. ¿No tienes nada positivo que decir?)
- Michael has studied enough of the possibilities to make a good decision. (Michael ha estudiado bastantes de las posibilidades como para tomar una buena decisión.)
Too (Demasiado)
"Too" es un adverbio que indica que hay una cantidad más que suficiente.
1. Con adjetivos y adverbios:
"too" + adjetivo/adverbio
- Ejemplos:
- You are too young to understand. (Eres demasiado joven para entender.)
- Claire is too irresponsible to have a dog. (Claire es demasiado irresponsable como para tener un perro.)
- It's too early to go to bed. (Es demasiado temprano para ir a la cama.)
Nota: Podemos usar "enough" en una frase negativa para indicar que algo no es suficiente. Compara los ejemplos de arriba con los de abajo.
- Ejemplos:
- You are not old enough to understand. (No eres lo suficientemente mayor para entender.)
- Claire is not responsible enough to have a dog. (Claire no es lo suficientemente responsable como para tener un perro.)
2. Cuando usamos "too" con nombres, utilizamos las expresiones "too many" o "too much".
"too many" + nombre contable
"too much" + nombre incontable
- Ejemplos:
- There are too many students in the classroom. (Hay demasiados estudiantes para esta clase.)
- Is there too much sugar in your coffee? (¿Hay demasiado azúcar en tu café?)
- My daughter has too many shoes, she doesn't need any more! (Mi hija tiene demasiados zapatos, no necesita más.)
- There is too much work for just one person! (Hay demasiado trabajo para una sola persona.)
3. "Too much of" o "Too many of":
"too many of" + determinante + nombre contable
"too much of" + determinante + nombre incontable
- Ejemplos:
- His problem is that he spends too much of his time playing video games! (Su problema es que pasa demasiado tiempo jugando a videojuegos.)
- That's enough. You have already eaten too many of the chocolates! (Basta ya. Ya comiste demasiados bombones.)
EJERCICIOS: the use of too + adjective
EJERCICIOS: grammar too-enough
EJERCICIOS
El ejercicio os proporciona más práctica con las expresiones de cantidad “too much/too many” (demasiado/os/as) y “enough”(suficiente/suficientes). Recordad que “too much” se utiliza con sustantivos incontables, mientras que “too many” se utiliza con sustantivos contables en plural. “Enough” se puede utilizar tanto con sustantivos (contables e incontables) y adjetivos (“enough friends”/”strong enough”).
Completa las oraciones con “too much”, “too many”, “enough” y la palabra entre paréntesis.
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